The charge carried by a glass rod rubbed with silk is called a positive charge; a proton is a positive charge, while a positive charge is not necessarily a proton.
The charge of a rubber stick rubbed with fur is called a negative charge.
Negative charges are generally speaking electrons.
The charge carried by amber rubbed against fur is called a negative charge, and one electron carries a negative charge of one unit.
The difference between positive and negative charges: substances that have lost electrons have a positive charge and substances that have gained electrons have a negative charge.
Extended information
There are only two types of charge in nature, as specified in physics: a glass rod rubbed with silk has a positive charge; a hard rubber rod rubbed with fur has a negative charge. Objects with the same charge repel each other and objects with different charges attract each other.
Objects with equal and opposite charges come into contact with each other and neutralisation occurs.
Three common characteristics of charged bodies are: the property of attracting light objects; the ability to change the angle of the metal foil of the detector; and the interaction between charged bodies.
Three ways of causing electricity:
There are three ways to make an object charged: frictional charging, contact charging, induction charging.
1. Friction
The nuclei of two different objects do not have the same ability to bind electrons. When two objects rub against each other, the object with strong electron-binding ability will gain electrons and become negatively charged, while the object with weak electron-binding ability will lose electrons and become positively charged. (Separation and transfer of positive and negative charges)
2.Contact charging
A charged object will lose electrons (or gain electrons) on a non-charged object due to the lack (or excess) of electrons, when the charged object comes into contact with a non-charged object, thus making the non-charged object positively charged (negatively charged) due to the lack (or excess) of electrons. (Charge is transferred from one part of the object to another)
3. Induction charging
When a charged body is close to a conductor, the free electrons in the conductor move in the direction close to or away from the charged body. (The transfer of charge from one object to another)
The three types of charging are different, but the essence is that the transfer of electrons occurs, so that the excess electrons (part of) the object is negatively charged, so that the lack of electrons (part of) the object is positively charged. During the transfer of electrons, the total amount of charge remains the same.
